Metaphysics Portal (List View)

Zhuangzi is often presented as the second thinker of classical Daoist thought after Laozi, but in terms of impact on East Asian philosophy and fine arts, Zhuangzi is probably the more significant figure. We will read the text together, taking plenty of time to discuss participant interpretations, all within the framework of the preceptor-provided cultural and historical commentary. Zhuangzi is simply delightful, treating weighty topics with a light and humorous touch. Come join us for Free-and-Easy Wandering through this most idiosyncratic of classical Chinese texts! [show less]

In this module, I will take you on a tour of some of the most important philosophical movements in the Greco-Roman world. After an introductory class (where we will talk about our approach and where I will give an overview of our module), the first few lessons will be based on the so-called pre-Socratic philosophers (6th to early 5th century BCE), with a special focus on Heraclitus. These archaic/early Greek philosophers did not necessarily establish coherent systems of philosophy and often focused only on fysis (physics), trying to understand if there was a unifying principle to our physical world and if everything is composed of many parts or is ‘one’ (among other topics). Apart from physics, they also provide us with some of the earliest discussions of logic (especially, Parmenides), although they are far more creative than later philosophers in their use of different kinds of reasoning (for example, metaphorical reasoning). Subsequently, we will move to the two greatest philosophers of the classical period: Plato and Aristotle. Each of these two demands an entire course devoted to discussing their philosophy, and I have instead selected sub-topics within which they have been greatly influential in the Western philosophical tradition: for Plato, we will discuss his political philosophy, namely, his conception of an idea state. for Aristotle, we will discuss the principles he establishes for ‘good artwork’, specifically, tragedy. In the final three lessons, we will turn to three important post-Socratic or Hellenistic schools of philosophy (mid-fourth century BCE to late antiquity in some cases): Cynicism, Stoicism, and Epicureanism. Our focus here will primarily be on ethics (on the proper virtues which each school recommends); at the same time, the ethical assumptions of each of these schools need to be understood within their particular view of the physical world. Throughout the lessons, I will provide students with close readings, key passages which we will analyze, composed of important fragments from the selected philosophers. These readings will serve as discussion points after my brief introductions to the given writer/philosophical movement. Lesson plan: 1. Introduction to Ancient Philosophy: Overview and Methods 2. The Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Pythagoras, Parmenides, Democritus, and Empedocles 3. Heraclitus: Movement, Harmony, and Oppositions in nature 4. Plato and Utopianism: A Close Reading of the Critias and Republic 5. Aristotle and Aesthetics: The Principles of Writing Tragedy 6. The Virtues of Cynicism: Self-Independence, Free Speech, and Endurance 7. The Virtues of Stoicism: Practical Reason, Justice, Temperance, and Courage 8. Epicureanism: A Close Reading of Epicurus’ Letter to Menoeceus [show less]

In this module we will cover various religious traditions generally covered by the umbrella term "Hinduism." We will start with an overview of some of the methodological challenges faced when studying these traditions, and then turn our attention to some of the major streams of Hindu history and practice, including those of Vedic religion, Upanisadic religion, and various Bhakti traditions. Time permitting we will then move on to Raja Yoga and Advaita Vedanta, followed by developments in modern Hinduism. [show less]

In this module we will cover the basics of Islamic Religious tradition, thought, and practice. A basic biography of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the development of the early Islamic movement (the Ummah), division into the Sunni and Shi'ite forms of Islam, Islamic cosmology, the Four Orthodox schools of the interpretation of Sharia, and the development and practice of Sufism will all be covered. Time permitting, we will touch upon developments in modern Islam. [show less]

In this module we will explore the sacramental worldview and practices of Eastern Orthodoxy and Catholicism, with maybe a bit of Anglicanism thrown into the mix. We will cover what a sacramental worldview consists of, what the sacraments themselves are, what sacramentals are and how their use is justified within these traditions theologically and historically, and related topics. [show less]

This Writer's Workshop will be for practicing the art of writing flash fiction, works that are of 500 or fewer words in length. This is a marvelous place for a new writer to begin as the size is not overwhelming. It is also a marvelous place for a seasoned writer to practice the craft of scene creation and characterization under severe creative restriction. We will read examples of flash fiction, and provide feedback for one another on original pieces that we shall write over the length of the course. For this we will use the Collaborative Feedback Method that we use in all Space creative writing courses, a method which emphasizes kindness and curiosity while still providing rigorous and useful feedback to the writer. [show less]

Immerse yourself in the profound dialogues of J.R.R. Tolkien's "Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth", a philosophical and metaphysical exploration of love, mortality, and hope within the legendarium of Middle-earth. This class invites you to delve into the intricate conversations between Finrod, an Elven king, and Andreth, a wise-woman of the race of Men. Their discourse investigates the depths of human (and Elven) existence, examining the divergent perspectives on life, death, and the overarching destiny of their worlds. Throughout this course, we will dissect the rich layers of Tolkien’s narrative, uncovering the symbolic and thematic significances that make "Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth" a cornerstone of his mythopoeic work. Together, we will work on a comprehensive analysis of the text, contextualizing it within Tolkien's broader legendarium and drawing connections to his other works. Our aim will be to gain a deeper understanding of the philosophical questions posed by Finrod and Andreth, and how these reflect Tolkien’s own views on faith, despair, and redemption. Whether you are a seasoned Tolkien scholar or a passionate enthusiast of his world, this class offers an opportunity to engage with one of the most profound and lesser-known dialogues in Middle-earth, enriching your appreciation for Tolkien's genius and the enduring legacy of his work. [show less]

The Midst podcast (which can be found at http://www.midst.co) is a strange and compelling space western horror science fantasy. . . hmmm. Let me start again. Midst is a planetoid revolving in a cosmos very unlike our own, one that contains strange creatures bred from The Fold, a supernatural phenomenon that. . . no that's not it either. This module will be a discussion guide to one of the most compellingly weird podcasts I've run across ever. I'm talking Welcome to Nightvale weird. The story is told by three anonymous and quite probably unreliable narrators, does not stick to usual story structures, veers off on tangents, and lands everything in a series of climactic episodes that are simply stunning. What we will be doing is experiencing season 1 of this podcast together and looking at how they are using various tools to tell this story, and whether they really are abandoning a lot of conventional storytelling wisdom. (Spoiler alert, I don't think they are.) You will listen to all nineteen episodes over the course of the class. In class, we will discuss the episodes you've heard, using the frame of questions I will give you ahead of time. Our goal will be to tease out the various storytelling tools the writers used in the creation of their remarkable story. Some of these will be familiar literary tools, others will involve how they use sound and effects to heighten their narration. As each episode is on the order of half an hour long, you will have heard nine to ten hours of audio by the time the class ends. I love this story and the way the writers have chosen to tell it. I would love to share that with you. [show less]

The Dark Crystal, a film directed and created by Jim Henson and Frank Oz, was released at Christmastime in 1982. An attempt at a more mature and decidedly darker direction for Henson, it performed modestly in the box office to mixed reviews. Despite its poor initial beginnings, over the next 42 years, The Dark Crystal became a cult classic. Why the appeal all these years later? In this class we will explore this multifaceted dark fantasy as a stand of world building from the better appreciated “Muppet” canon. Over the course of eight sessions we will discuss the world of Thra through the film itself, seen afresh with the new lenses of various forms of modern criticism. Please join us for a combination of short lectures and lively discussion of this visual and technical masterpiece whether you’re a long-time fan or neophyte. [show less]

Over the course of two modules, we will cover the basics of Japanese religious history. Particular areas of focus will be Shintō 神道 tradition and various forms of Japanese Buddhism, shamanism, and Shugendō 修験道. Time permitting (unlikely) we can also touch upon Japanese New Religions and/or Japanese Christianity. [show less]

It has been said that all Western thought comes from Athens or Jerusalem. While the dichotomy raises friction, one often fails to understand that the two thought patterns are often mixed. This module will focus on the history of Western Philosophy/Thought. For didactic reasons, the focus will be on Athens. The dichotomy in Athens’ thought is between Plato and Aristotle. To over simplify things, Plato ‘looked up’. Plato was looking for ‘the truth’, the ‘Real’ behind our existence. Aristotle ‘looked down’ and was less concerned with Plato’s quest. The goal is to have students understand the time setting of the philosopher and the working out of their view of the world, to experience the ‘rose colored glasses’ of that particular philosopher. That task can be difficult because the study of Philosophy from the historical approach must negate all developments of Western Thought which are subsequent to the Philosopher. Upon completion the student will be able to understand the development of Western Thought which led to the Western Post-Modern World View. The five philosophers to be visited will be Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, and Nietzsche. Session 1: Introduction to module’s approach to the study of philosophy Session 2: Plato, his time and contribution to Western Thought followed by discussion Session 3: Aristotle, his time, contribution, comparison to Plato’s approach followed by discussion. Session 4: Descartes, his time, contribution/dilemma, followed by discussion. Session 5: Kant, his time, contribution, followed by discussion Session 6: Nietzsche part one, his time, contribution followed by discussion Session 7: Nietzsche part two, his legacy on Post Modern Thought Session 8: Epistemology and a visit from our philosophers, followed by discussion. [show less]

Plato's Republic is arguably one of the most influential books ever written about Western political philsophy. This module offers an exploration of the Republic, examining its key themes such as Justice, the Ideal State, the Theory of Forms, and the Philosopher-King to name a few. Together, we will engage with the text's philosophical arguments and controversies while tying their relevance to contemporary society. Class One: Introduction to The Republic and the Greek World Class Two: Book I - The Debate on Justice: Socrates vs Thrasymachus Class Three: Books II & III - Education and the Ideal State Class Four: Books IV & V - Justice in the Soul and Society Class Five: Books VI & VII - The Philosopher-King and the Form of the Good Class Six: Books VIII & IX - The Mistaken Regimes and Socrates' Critique of Democracy Class Seven: Book X - Art, Poetry, and the Myth or Er Class Eight: Summary, Overview, and the Legacy of Plato's Republic [show less]

Renaissance clergyman John Donne was a prolific scholar and poet. His verses follow many different poetical forms and vary widely in tone from the solemn and devout to the seductive and sensual. In this module, we will study Donne’s Holy Sonnets, a sequence of poems that blend meditations on the divine with vivid but sometimes irreverent imagery. Here we will discuss selected sonnets individually and the full collection in some of the different arrangements and forms in which it was read and copied in the seventeenth century. Along the way, we will look at the connotations and complexities of words and particular lines, identify biblical and other allusions, and delight in the language of these complex and thought-provoking Renaissance sonnets. [show less]

Although a priest, Renaissance poet John Donne was on paper a playboy, a quality the first publishers of his poems sought to downplay by censoring scandalous words, leaving some verses out of the collection, and placing the raciest poems they included near the end of the volume. While the publishers may have found these difficult to align with his staid churchman persona, Donne’s earliest readers collected these poems with joy, sharing them in private verse collections and prioritising his most sensual poetry over his complex religious lyrics. In this module we will read and discuss eight of Donne’s most popular amorous verses, paying particular attention to his puns and allusions, superficial treatment of women, and beautiful literary structures and styles. (Warning: this module is not for the faint of heart: Donne is just as explicit as Shakespeare! Think carefully before inviting your parents to join you.) [show less]

The basic premise of this module is that 1) there are some systematic similarities and dissimilarities between Tolkien's works (especially his legendarium) and the corpus of literature called the Old Testament; and 2) understanding these systematic similarities and dissimilarities enriches the reader's understanding and appreciation for BOTH bodies of literature. Fundamentally, both Tolkien's legendarium and the Old Testament address issues of metaphysics through the vehicle of narrative (with poetry and other genres sprinkled in, of course!). Session 1: Intersections of Tolkien and the Old Testament (introductory -- literary, mythological, theological) Session 2: Intersections of Archetypes (literary) Session 3: Intersections of Typology (literary) Session 4: Intersections of Salvation and Judgment (mythological) Session 5: Intersections of Death and Life (mythological) Session 6: Intersections of the Human Condition (theological) Session 7: Intersections of the Divine Being (theological) Session 8: Intersections of Textual Criticism (literary) [show less]

The Gothic genre has inspired many creative minds to explore the darker realms of human psychology and the wider world, sparking fear, terror, horror and repulsion in its audience. J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth is as much a ruined Gothic wasteland as it is an idyllic utopia. From Shelob's cave and the hypnotic Mirkwood to the Paths of the Dead and the Barrow-Downs, this module will examine Tolkien's use of Dark Romantic and Gothic techniques that were used by writers such as Horace Walpole, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and E.T.A. Hoffman to strike terror in the heart of their readers. The module will follow an 8-lesson structure as follows: • Lecture 1: The Funk of Forty Thousand Years: A Literary History of the Gothic • Workshop 1: Chilly Echoes in Tolkien's Middle-earth • Lecture 2: Bottomless Supernatural: Terror, Horror, Abject • Workshop 2: Conjuring Creepy Creatures • Lecture 3: The Weird, the Eerie, and the Dark Side of the Mind • Workshop 3: Defamiliarising Middle-earth • Lecture 4: Ruined Landscapes • Workshop 4: What is left? Can the Gothic recover Middle-earth? Note: The hybrid 8-lesson structure above is the new format for this module moving forward. [show less]

J.R.R. Tolkien famously 'found' his legendarium, translating and editing The Red Book of Westmarch for his twentieth century readers. This is not the first time an author has 'forged' a 'lost' literary history as James Macpherson's 'Ossian' documents from the 1760s started a craze for forgeries. Thomas Chatterton's Rowley and Turgot manuscripts similarly fed off the Ossian controversy while questioning what it really meant to 'forge' a document. The module will follow an 8-lesson structure as follows: • Lecture 1: The 1760s, the Age of Forgery • Workshop 1: Which Red Book are we reading? • Lecture 2: The Growth of Romantic Nationalism • Workshop 2: The Book of Lost Tales: a mythology for which England? • Lecture 3: Oral Traditions: Immortality and Youth • Workshop 3: Vocalising Myth and History • Lecture 4: Textual Traditions: Mortal Anxiety and Tangible History • Workshop 4: Writing myth and history Note: The hybrid 8-lesson structure above is the new format for this module moving forward. [show less]

The imagination and dreams are essential parts of J.R.R. Tolkien's world building which he explored across many stories from 'The Lord of the Rings' and 'On Fairy-stories' to 'The Notion Club Papers'. The same can be said of the Romantics who saw an important connection between the two. In works such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' and 'Kubla Khan', Lord Byron's 'The Dream' and 'Darkness', and Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein', the imaginary and dream-like meet with awe-inspiring, melancholy or blood-chilling results. The module sessions are structured as follows: • Class 1: The Realms of (Childhood) Faery (60m) • Class 2: Faery’s Enchantment (60m) • Class 3: The Terror of the Night (60m) • Class 4: The Past is an Imagined Dreamworld (90m) • Class 5: Visions of the Apocalypse (60m) • Class 6: Senses and Sensation (60m) • Class 7: Glimpses, mere Fragments (90m) [show less]

J.R.R. Tolkien's revolutionary depictions of nature have inspired many to respect and cherish the environment. However, if we journeyed back two hundred years, we would discover that radical British Romantic authors were also challenging how readers perceived their surroundings! In this module, we will use ecology to explore the many parallels and contrasts between Tolkien's Arda and the Romantic's portrayals of nature big and small: mountains and meadows, woods and wildernesses, daffodils and dead marshes. This will include examining how characters react to the environment, nature's existence as separate from our own, and the broader concern of the Industrial Revolution's destructive potential. The module will follow an 8-lesson structure as follows: • Lecture 1: Visions of Nature • Workshop 1: What do your Elf-eyes see? • Lecture 2: All things Sublime and Beautiful • Workshop 2: Sublime, Beautiful, or both at once?! • Lecture 3: I want to see mountains! • Workshop 3: One with our environment • Lecture 4: Ecology without Humanity • Workshop 4: What is actually out there beyond the Human sphere? Note: The hybrid 8-lesson structure above is the new format for this module moving forward. [show less]