The Greco-Roman World Portal (List View)

Follow Alexander’s epic journey from a young Macedonian prince to history’s most legendary conqueror, examining his battles, ambitions, and the empire that reshaped the ancient world." This dynamic eight-session course brings to life the extraordinary story of Alexander the Great, the brilliant, ruthless, and visionary conqueror who forged an empire spanning three continents. Through lively lectures and vivid visuals (maps, artifacts, and battle simulations), combined with thought-provoking discussions, we’ll explore his meteoric rise from prince to global icon. By the end, you’ll understand why Alexander’s name still echoes 2,300 years after his death. Session 1: Introduction & Macedonia Before Alexander Session 2: The Beginning of Alexander’s Reign Session 3: The Invasion of Persia Session 4: Key Battles – Issus & Gaugamela Session 5: Egypt & the Oracle at Siwa Session 6: The Heart of Persia & the Death of Darius Session 7: The Indian Campaign & Mutiny Session 8: Death & Legacy of Alexander the Great [show less]

Want to read the NT in the original Greek? The Greek translation of the Old Testament? This module’s for you! The first module seeks to introduce learners to the basics of ancient Greek: the alphabet, introduction to the verb system (tenses and moods) and the noun system (the very helpful article, first and second declension). Over several modules, the students will learn the foundations of the language and then students will be able to read texts. Note: All sessions will be live recorded and shared with all enrolled students afterward for review and to allow those who cannot attend live to still participate in the class. [show less]

Designed for intermediate students of Classical or Biblical Greek with roughly a year under their belts, this course will provide a detailed look at the inflectional system of Ancient Greek, moving past the memorization of paradigms to provide a rich linguistic explanation for why Ancient Greek word forms work the way they do. [show less]

Whenever we see a painting or a sculpture we might think many different things; we might wonder why we like or dislike it; what is its meaning; and why the artist created it in that way. In this series we will explore different art periods, movements, and artists. We will discuss the context, symbolism, style, and what each of these periods/ movement/ artists tells us today. Some of the questions we will ask during these modules are: what is art? How is art different from arts and crafts? What is the purpose of art? Why are some art pieces famous? What are some of the most prominent styles? Why are some artists, such as Vincent Van Gogh, so popular today but not during their own time? How and why do we relate to different pieces in different ways and with different emotional responses? Each module stands on its own and no previous knowledge of Art History is required. The idea is to engage with the different topics from different lenses and to share different ideas and opinions about them. [show less]

This module considers the gospels in their contexts; addressing their genre, the communities to whom they are addressed, their origins, early tradition and legend about how they came to be, comparisons of their literatures to other Hellenistic and Near Eastern ones, the synoptic problem, and related issues. [show less]

What makes a good story? How can we make our characters feel like real people? Using a combination of recorded lectures, in-class discussion and exercises, you will find out how to employ Aristotle’s precepts on character, theme and emotional catharsis to enrich your creative practice. You will also discover how Aristotle’s teleological understanding of causality can help you discover the final design of your creative work. This module will be a must for fiction authors, screenwriters and directors, RPG game masters, or anyone who wants to weave a dynamic tale! The module will follow an 8-lesson structure as follows: • Lecture 1: Introduction to the Poetics • Workshop 1: Your Narrative's Purpose • Lecture 2: Character and Theme • Workshop 2: Discovering Your Character and Theme • Lecture 3: Structure • Workshop 3: Unfolding Your Story's Structure • Lecture 4: Catharsis • Workshop 4: Sticking the Landing [show less]

What is love? This is the question C.S. Lewis explored in his classic book, The Four Loves. Over four weeks, we will read and discuss The Four Loves as a class, exploring his four classifications and their philosophical underpinnings. Comparing and contrasting Lewis with short excerpts from Plato's Symposium and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, we will explore the themes of affection, friendship, eros and charity. [show less]

This course explores Aeschylus and his Oresteia trilogy of plays in depth, examining its themes, dramatic techniques, and historical context, while also introducing SPACE students to the origins and performance practices of Ancient Greek tragedy. This eight-session course offers an engaging exploration of Aeschylus’ Oresteia—the groundbreaking trilogy that reshaped Ancient Greek tragedy. Through dynamic discussions, close readings, and visual aids, we’ll unpack Aeschylus' plays (Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides) examining their brutal conflicts, moral dilemmas, and ultimate vision of justice. Along the way, we’ll investigate Greek tragedy’s origins, Aeschylus’ revolutionary innovations, and how these ancient dramas still resonate today. No prior knowledge or homework required—just a willingness to debate fate, fury, and the first courtroom drama in Western literature! Session 1: The Origins of Greek Tragedy Session 2: Performance and Dramatic Techniques in Greek Tragedy Session 3: Aeschylus, The Father of Tragedy Session 4: Agamemnon – Blood, Betrayal, and the House of Atreus Session 5: The Libation Bearers – The Cycle of Revenge Session 6: The Eumenides – Blood Feuds to Civic Justice Session 7: The Oresteia as a Unified Trilogy Session 8: Greek Tragedy’s Influence and Modern Adaptations [show less]

In this module we look specifically the Greco-Roman world, magic in myth and literature, and specific spells and objects in use throughout the classical world, including their relations to Mesopotamia and Egypt. This includes the Greek magical texts. What types of magic did they use? Who practiced them and why? Note: This module was formerly called Ancient Magic 2. [show less]

As classical mythology is often the gateway into mythological studies, so too will this course be your gateway into classical mythology. We will explore the mythology of the Greco-Roman world in broad strokes, familiarizing ourselves with gods and heroes, before ending the module by dabbling in a bit of comparative mythological study. In doing so, we'll look at excerpts from a few classical authors (in translation), as well as some artifacts and possibly even some historical sites. Session 1: Welcome to Classical Mythology Lecture Session 2: Discussion about the Myths of the Twelve(ish) Olympians Session 3: Living in a World of Humans and Gods Lecture Session 4: Discussion about Myths of Love & Daring Session 5: Heroes & Demigods Lecture Session 6: Discussion about Myths of Herakles Session 7: Comparative Mythology Lecture Session 8: Discussion about Mythic Forms and Archetypes [show less]

Designed for absolute beginners as well as past Latin scholars who want to review at relative leisure, Signum’s 12-module Latin in a Year series surveys core Latin grammar and basic classical vocabulary. Each month, students will tackle new grammatical concepts and paradigms, learn new vocabulary, and practice translating short sentences and longer passages. Optional homework is available for the overzealous. Each one-month module builds on the previous one, so students with prior experience are encouraged to communicate with our Director and Professor Acker to find the right entry point. See the list below for some general guidelines of what material is explored over the course of each module. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Month 1: Overview of nouns and verbs (present active verbs, 1st and 2nd declension) Month 2: Adding new tenses (imperfect and future active) and a new declension (3rd) Month 3: 3rd and 4th conjugations (existing tenses) and new pronouns Month 4: New verb tenses (perfect system) and more pronouns; numerals Month 5: Passive verb forms; 4th declension nouns; more pronouns Month 6: 5th declension, but mostly participles Month 7: Comparatives, superlatives, and some irregular forms Month 8: Basic subjunctives Month 9: Irregular verbs and conditions Month 10: Subjunctives, deponents, datives, and more irregular verbs Month 11: (more) finicky grammar Month 12: Basic readings •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• [show less]

When the weight of grammatical forms and memorization would benefit from time to practice and process, the Latin Readings for Advanced Beginners modules offer respite from the regular Latin in a Year program on an ad hoc basis. As appropriate to their skill levels, Latin in a Year students (other scholars are welcome too!) will spend one month reading selected passages from selected textbooks, Latin readers, and (when appropriate) intermediate Latin texts to support their current grammatical skills. The difficulty level and recommended grammatical knowledge for each module will typically be based upon the progress of one or more existing Latin in a Year cohorts, but the SPACE staff or module preceptor will be happy to provide more information. [show less]

This module offers a series of Latin readings that review material covered in many traditional Latin I courses (including Signum's own Latin I graduate course and the first five Latin in a Year SPACE modules). Students will read selections from selected textbooks and Latin readers and attempt two short literary passages. All readings will be provided, though access to a Latin grammar book and a basic Latin dictionary may be beneficial. Latin grammar assumed: - Understanding of stems, endings, cases, agreement, and parts of speech - Knowledge of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th declension endings for nouns and adjectives - Knowledge of regular Latin verb conjugations in all indicative tenses (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), both active and passive, and the imperative forms - Ability to recognize conjugations of of “sum” and “possum” - Familiarity with ego, tu, is, hic, ille, iste, idem, qui, and reflexives - Awareness of Latin numerals - Acquaintance with ablatives of means, accompaniment, manner, time, agent, separation, and place from which, as well as genitive of the whole and use of genitive and ablative with cardinal numerals [show less]

This module offers a series of Latin readings that review material covered in many traditional Latin I courses (including Signum's own Latin I graduate course and the first five Latin in a Year SPACE modules). Students will read selections from selected textbooks and Latin readers and attempt two short literary passages. All readings will be provided, though access to a Latin grammar book and a basic Latin dictionary may be beneficial. Latin grammar assumed: - Understanding of stems, endings, cases, agreement, and parts of speech - Knowledge of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th declension endings for nouns and adjectives - Knowledge of regular Latin verb conjugations in all indicative tenses (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), both active and passive, and the imperative forms - Ability to recognize conjugations of of “sum” and “possum” - Familiarity with ego, tu, is, hic, ille, iste, idem, qui, and reflexives - Awareness of Latin numerals - Acquaintance with ablatives of means, accompaniment, manner, time, agent, separation, and place from which, as well as genitive of the whole and use of genitive and ablative with cardinal numerals [show less]

Plato's Republic is arguably one of the most influential books ever written about Western political philsophy. This module offers an exploration of the Republic, examining its key themes such as Justice, the Ideal State, the Theory of Forms, and the Philosopher-King to name a few. Together, we will engage with the text's philosophical arguments and controversies while tying their relevance to contemporary society. Class One: Introduction to The Republic and the Greek World Class Two: Book I - The Debate on Justice: Socrates vs Thrasymachus Class Three: Books II & III - Education and the Ideal State Class Four: Books IV & V - Justice in the Soul and Society Class Five: Books VI & VII - The Philosopher-King and the Form of the Good Class Six: Books VIII & IX - The Mistaken Regimes and Socrates' Critique of Democracy Class Seven: Book X - Art, Poetry, and the Myth or Er Class Eight: Summary, Overview, and the Legacy of Plato's Republic [show less]

This series will help introduce students to the breadth and depth of Greek texts available for intermediate-level study. Each month, Dr. Larry Swain surveys the group to see which text students are most interested in exploring next. Some of the texts we could explore in a given month include: • Stump the Swain: Easy Classical Greek Readings • Easy Koine Greek Readings • Advanced Greek Readings: Gospel of Matthew • Advanced Greek Readings: Gospel of John Series • Advanced Greek Readings: Paul's Letter to the Galatians Note: Please refer to the Required Texts section on a month's iteration page to see which texts the group has decided upon for a given month. [show less]

This series will help introduce students to the breadth and depth of Latin texts available for intermediate-level study . Each month, our preceptors survey the group using the Intermediate Latin Series survey form to see which text students are most interested in exploring next. Some of the texts we could explore in a given month include: • Latin: The Vulgate Gospel of Matthew • Latin: Plautus' Miles Gloriosus (the Braggart Soldier) • Latin: Augustine's Confessions • Intermediate Latin Readings: Catullus • Intermediate Latin Readings: The Vulgate Bible 1 • Intermediate Latin Readings: The Vulgate Hester • Intermediate Latin Readings: Caesar’s Gallic Wars • Intermediate Latin Readings: Martial’s Epigrammata • Intermediate Latin Readings: Gesta Romanorum • Intermediate Latin Readings: Horace • Advanced Latin Readings: Cicero's Pro Archia Oration • Advanced Latin Readings: Aesop's Fables • Advanced Latin Readings: Hobbitus Ille • Advanced Latin Readings: Silius Italicus' 'Punica' • Advanced Latin Readings: Vergil's Aeneid in a Year Note: Please refer to the Required Texts section on a month's iteration page to see which texts the group has decided upon for a given month. [show less]

While the idea of establishing an ‘actual’ utopia has been disparaged since the first half of the twentieth century from socio-political perspectives (e.g. the failed age of ideology from 1917-1945), literary and related cultural narratives have a long history of imagining and representing utopia (also paradise, the golden age, etc.). These utopias often function to criticize the problematic social norms and climates of their times as well as providing progressive imaginings for a better future, often based on certain ideals or virtues. In this module, we go on a chronological tour of different representations of utopia, including: the paleolithic utopia of hunter-gatherers (e.g. as discussed in Harari’s Homo Sapiens) (before 10,000 BC), the Bronze Age utopia of Minoan Crete (4000-1400 BCE), Plato’s mythical island of Atlantis (ca 400 BC), the pastoral utopia of the Roman poet Virgil (ca 40 BC), the New World utopia of Sir Thomas More (1516), the Enlightened, reasoned utopia of Robinson Crusoe (1719), Tolkien’s fantasy utopia of Númenor (ca 1940), and more. [show less]

This course will be structured as a guided reading of Aurelius' "Meditations". We will explore the life of Marcus Aurelius and then spend the bulk of the class reading/discussing his Meditations Books I-XII. The goal of the course is to get the novice reading of ancient literature comfortable with the text and introduced to an exemplar of stoicism. For the more seasoned student it will serve to deepen their engagement with such an influential and deep thinker in the Western philosophical tradition. [show less]

This 6-module series will work slowly through the 24 books of Homer’s Odyssey. Each week we will read one book of the Odyssey aloud together, comparing editions and language and then discussing translation choices, plot development, character and setting descriptions, and overall themes. With two hours to spend on each book, students can enjoy a slow reading pace, little to no homework, and lots of class discussion. [show less]

This 6-module series will work slowly through the 24 books of Homer’s Odyssey. Each week we will read one book of the Odyssey aloud together, comparing editions and language and then discussing translation choices, plot development, character and setting descriptions, and overall themes. With two hours to spend on each book, students can enjoy a slow reading pace, little to no homework, and lots of class discussion. [show less]

This 6-module series will work slowly through the 24 books of Homer’s Odyssey. Each week we will read one book of the Odyssey aloud together, comparing editions and language and then discussing translation choices, plot development, character and setting descriptions, and overall themes. With two hours to spend on each book, students can enjoy a slow reading pace, little to no homework, and lots of class discussion. [show less]

This 6-module series will work slowly through the 24 books of Homer’s Odyssey. Each week we will read one book of the Odyssey aloud together, comparing editions and language and then discussing translation choices, plot development, character and setting descriptions, and overall themes. With two hours to spend on each book, students can enjoy a slow reading pace, little to no homework, and lots of class discussion. [show less]

This 6-module series will work slowly through the 24 books of Homer’s Odyssey. Each week we will read one book of the Odyssey aloud together, comparing editions and language and then discussing translation choices, plot development, character and setting descriptions, and overall themes. With two hours to spend on each book, students can enjoy a slow reading pace, little to no homework, and lots of class discussion. [show less]

Have you ever wanted to understand why a painting grabs your attention or what an artist might be trying to say? The Art of Seeing is a friendly module designed for anyone who feels they don't "know enough" about art. In this module, we'll explore key concepts in art that will provide a powerful toolkit to unlock the world of art. You'll learn how to "read" a painting by looking at color, line, and composition. We'll decode hidden symbols, explore different materials, and dive into fascinating genres from portraits to landscapes. You’ll have plenty of opportunity to look at many different artworks from different styles and time periods and engage with the works. Most importantly, you'll discover that the goal isn't to find the one "right" answer; it's to have your own personal and meaningful connection with art. This module is for everyone who wants to engage with art. No previous knowledge is required. The module is as follows: Session 1: What is Art? Session 2: The Artist's Toolkit: The Formal Elements Session 3: The "How": Materials, Techniques, and Meaning Session 4: Putting It All Together: “Reading” a Work of Art Session 5: Applying Your Toolkit: The Human Form Session 6: The World in a Frame: Landscapes & Still Lifes Session 7: Looking Beyond the Canvas Session 8: Your Journey as an Art Appreciator [show less]

One of the most crucial elements of education for millennia was teaching the ability to harness the potential of the memory. From the time of Homer until the 19th century, bards and bureaucrats both would have used established methods to organize and categorize their thoughts and remember crucial pieces of information. The legendary memories of men from Homer to Cicero to Shakespeare had less to do with their unique genius and more to do with their application of ancient methods of memorization, that can still be learned today. In this module, students will learn the ancient memorization techniques that allowed bards to recite thousands of lines of poetry and Shakespeare's actors to perform dozens of complicated monologues, and discover its applications to life in the 21st century. [show less]

Homer's Iliad is the foundational text of Western Literature, focusing on powerful perpetual problems of human life and experience: the desire for glory, the destructiveness of war, the struggle against overwhelming fate, the complex and powerful bonds of family, and the unexpected value of pity. Its impact can hardly be underestimated, as the list of its direct descendants stretches from "The Aeneid" to Milton's "Paradise Lost" and beyond, and the works that it has inspired are too many to count. Whether you are a newcomer or an old friend of the text, there is always something new, arresting, strange, and poignant to be found in the story that started it all. Come join in the exploration! [show less]

When one thinks of ancient, pre-classical civilisations, one thinks of Sumerians, Egyptians, Hittites, and, not least, Minoans. The Minoan civilisation, discovered around 1900 by English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans, has often been styled as the first major European civilisation, equally proficient in technology and the arts, with a sea empire spanning across the Eastern Aegean. But how much of what we imagine about the Minoans is truthful and how much is modern mythmaking? In this module, we will examine the immense impact which the discovery of Minoan Crete and its integration with the classical myths of the Minotaur and the Labyrinth has had on literature, movies, the arts, and even computer games. We will examine the works of Sir Arthur Evans, Pablo Picasso, Nikos Kazantzakis, Robert Graves, Mary Renault, Poul Anderson, and Stephen King, among others. In so doing, we will explore such key 'Minoan' concepts and phenomena as: the sublime, utopianism, feminism, irrationality and the unconscious, mythmaking, and European identity. [show less]

The Egyptians had a complex view of non-Egyptians. They were both threatening enemies but also potential Egyptians. This course will look at how the Egyptians viewed and depicted the other, the role of the other, and the change in many cases, of other to countryman. This will include a survey of art, literature, and magic as it relates to depicting, describing, and affecting the other and how this reinforced the Egyptian identity. Who were the “others” in the Egyptian worldview? How were they to be interacted with? Who where the Egyptians in their own view? [show less]

Based on the preceptor's edited volume, Tolkien and the Classical World, this module takes students on a tour of the classical influences and ideas on the life, writings, and thought of English fantasy writer J.R.R. Tolkien, while also introducing seminal Greco-Roman texts to those without any classical background. [show less]

One of the earliest stories of J.R.R. Tolkien’s legendarium committed to writing was the tragic tale of Túrin Turambar. As Tolkien himself acknowledged, in creating Túrin’s tale, he drew on elements of real-world legends, particularly those of Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo. In this module, we’ll look at the interplay between these legends (in the forms that young Tolkien had likely encountered them) and Tolkien’s own creation of the tale of Túrin. The module’s objective is twofold: a semi-biographical examination of young Tolkien’s early creative processes, and familiarization with the historical sources for these legends that proved so inspirational for him. [show less]